Hepatitis A

What is Hepatitis A?

Hepatitis A, also known as Hep A, is a liver infection caused by a virus that spreads through an infected person’s faeces.

It is uncommon in the UK, however certain populations are more vulnerable. This includes people who go to places with poor sanitation, men who have sex with men, and those who inject drugs.

Hepatitis A is unpleasant, but it is usually not serious, and most people recover completely within a few months.

Some people, especially small children, may not exhibit any symptoms.

However, hepatitis A can sometimes continue for months and, in rare situations, can be fatal if it affects the liver function (liver failure).

What are the main symptoms of Hep A?

Hepatitis A symptoms appear roughly 4 weeks after infection, but not everyone gets them.

Main symptoms may include:

• feeling weary and generally ill
• joint and muscular ache
• a fever
• loss of appetite
• feeling sick
• pain in the upper right region of your tummy
• yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
• Dark pee and pale poo
• itching of the skin

Symptoms normally subside after a few months.

Which are the most at-risk destinations for Hep A?

Hepatitis A is present all across the world, however, the following countries have the highest prevalence:

• sub-Saharan and northern Africa
• the Indian subcontinent (particularly India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Nepal)
• some parts of the Far East (excluding Japan)
• the Middle East
• South and Central America

Which group of people are at most risk of Hep A infection?

The risks of contracting hepatitis A in the UK are significantly lower than in other areas of the world. When travelling, there are a number of factors that might increase your risk of Hep A infection. These include:

• travelling to areas with poor sanitation.
• areas that have poor food and water hygiene.
• areas that are high risk of risk for Hep A.
• If you will be mixing/living with locals for a long period of time in high risk area.

Those who may be exposed to hepatitis A through their job are at a higher risk. Also, those who inject drugs and men who have sex with other men are at a higher risk.

Advice for travellers

To safeguard yourself from hepatitis A while travelling, you should be doing the following:

• pay close attention to hand hygiene
• take safe food and water measures
• Before you travel, evaluate whether you need to be vaccinated against Hepatitis A.